How much do you know about terpenes?

Terpenes are found in ALL plants, including cannabis.

They are aromatic molecules produced from the resin of plants. Along with flavonoids, terpenes are the scents/tastes of plants. Different cannabis strains have their own combinations of terpenes. This causes each strain to have their own unique scent. Cannabinoids, however, do not produce scents.

Terpenes provide several vital functions for plants. Some plants use their terpenes defensively to keep predators away. Some kill their predators. Many plants use their terpenes to attract pollinating insects, helping them reproduce. Some plants release them due to stress (even plants can stress!).

But what about cannabis?

Cannabis terpenes are not only responsible for the plant’s smell, but also the taste. But terpenes deliver much more than just smells and flavors.

A study done by Dr. Ethan Russo, MD, the Director of Research and Development at International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute and a Senior Medical Advisor to GW Pharmaceuticals, reveals they offers “complementary pharmacological activities that may strengthen and broaden clinical applications and improve the therapeutic index of cannabis extracts.” This means terpenes have synergistic effects when combined with cannabinoids and other terpenes.

Terpenes have been studied for bacterial and fungal infections, chronic pain, anxiety, depression, and other conditions.

Terpenes also behave very similarly to some cannabinoids. In fact, they’re responsible for the amount of THC that binds to cannabinoid receptors in our body. Cannabinoids and terpenes together produce a strong synergy, improving the absorption of both. This is known as the “Entourage Effect”.

What are some common terpenes?

Limonene

Limonene unsurprisingly gives off a citrus aroma. Found in strains such as Super Lemon Haze, Chernobyl, & Tangie, limonene is also found in many cosmetic & cleaning products.

Linalool

Linalool produces a floral, sometimes spicy aroma. It is one of the most universally-loved terpenes for relaxation. It’s found in 200 types of plants, including lavender, lemon, mint, & coriander.

Humulene

One of the most popular CBD strains is Gorilla Glue. Humulene is very high in this strain. Humulene is also the terpene that gives beer its famous “hoppy” aroma!

Myrcene

Myrcene is found in mangoes, hops, thyme, lemongrass, and basil. Users of this strain usually find it gives a sedative, “couch-lock” feeling. Since myrcene is in mangoes, evidence suggests eating a mango prior to consuming CBD may help extend the effects through synergy.

Pinene

Pinene is found in pine needles, turpentine, orange peels, dill, basil, & rosemary too. It was originally developed as a defense mechanism to ward off predators, but also attracts pollinators. It’s often used as a bronchodilator.

Pinene has a strong, earthy aroma, so once you recognize it, you can recognize which strains have high amounts. Some include Jack Herer, Dutch Treat, Blue Dream, Romulan, Strawberry Cough, OG Kush, and Island Sweet Skunk.

Caryophyllene

Caryophyllene is in plants such as cloves, cinnamon leaves, Thai basils, & black pepper. It has a woody, spicy aroma. Research shows the Caryophyllene binds to the CB2 receptor and that it is a CB2 agonist.

There are many, many other terpenes! Understanding how they work opens a whole new door for cannabis products & our well-being.